THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS OF MULTICOMPONENT NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON POLYOLEFINS
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of technological parameters of injection molding on the main physicomechanical properties of nanocomposites. Technological parameters mean the pressure and temperature of the material cylinder, the temperature of the mold, the holding time under pressure, the position of the sprue in the mold in relation to the part being formed. As an object of research, we used multicomponent nanocomposites based on high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and an ethylene-hexene copolymer with fillers such as technical nanocarbon and aluminum powder. To improve the technological compatibility of the polymer base with fillers, a compatibilizer was used, which is a graft copolymer of random polypropylene with 5.7 wt. % maleic anhydride. In connection with the need to impart antistatic properties and high adhesion strength to the metal surface to nanocomposites, the rationale for the choice of these fillers is given. Such physicomechanical properties of nanocomposites as ultimate tensile stress, elongation at break, flexural modulus, volumetric shrinkage, adhesive strength, electrical conductivity are investigated. The results of a study of the effect of temperature regime and injection molding pressure on the ultimate tensile stress and elongation at break of nanocomposites based on polyolefins containing technical carbon, aluminum powder, and compatibilizer are presented. It is shown that with an increase in the temperature and injection molding pressure, a natural increase in physicomechanical parameters is observed. The data on the influence of the temperature of the mold in the range of 25-70 °C on the properties of composite materials are given. The theoretical substantiation of the processes occurring during the processing of nanocomposites is given. The influence of the sprue location in the mold (along or across) on the properties of the cast specimens is considered. It has been proven that when the product is positioned along the injected melt flow, the strength and elongation of the samples becomes higher than that of the products located across the sprue. A detailed description of the orientation processes taking place in the volume of the cast product is given.
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