ОБЗОРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДОСТУПНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ВОДОРАСТВОРИМЫХ ФОСФОРСОДЕРЖАЩИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ
Аннотация
В статье выполнен обзор актуальных научных работ по разработке технологий, результатов экспериментальных исследований и теоретических основ производства водорастворимых фосфорсодержащих удобрений: моноаммонийфосфата, диаммонийфосфата, монокалийфосфата. Производство водорастворимых удобрений, в особенности фосфорсодержащих, является активно развивающейся областью химической технологии, что подтверждается пусками новых и увеличением мощностей уже существующих производств. Выделены основные способы получения подобных удобрений в промышленной практике: конверсионные, нейтрализационные и очистка гранулированных удобрений. Отдельно рассмотрен способ, при котором выделение кристаллического продукта после стадии нейтрализации осуществляется с применением органической фазы, выполняющей роль высаливающего агента. Выделены достоинства и недостатки способов, особенное внимание уделено утилизации побочных продуктов и возможности организации безотходного производства. По результатам анализа авторами сделан вывод о том, что нейтрализационный способ, являющийся наиболее технологически сложными, лучше всего подходит крупным предприятиям, обладающим собственным производством экстракционной фосфорной кислоты, в то время как способ, основанный на очистке гранулированных удобрений, будет лучше всего применим в условиях локальных производств, как самый простой в организации и не требующий использования дополнительных сырьевых компонентов. Конверсионный способ, позволяющий производить широкий спектр удобрений без изменения технологической схемы, подойдет для производств, стремящихся к расширению ассортимента и нацеленных на производство различных продуктов. Данная статья систематизирует актуальные материалы по получению водорастворимых фосфорсодержащих удобрений и может быть использована для определения уровня разработанности проблемы при выполнении литературного обзора и планировании исследовательских работ.
Для цитирования:
Попов И.О., Пагалешкин Д.А., Федотов П.С., Колпаков В.М. Обзорный анализ доступных технологий водорастворимых фосфорсодержащих удобрений. Изв. вузов. Химия и хим. технология. 2025. Т. 68. Вып. 5. С. 6-19. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256805.8f.
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