ЭКСТРАКЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОЧИСТКИ МОТОРНОГО ТОПЛИВА
Аннотация
В статье приведены результаты проведенного анализа литературных данных по получению моторных топлив высокого качества экстракционным методом очистки соответствующих нефтяных дистиллятов с использованием в качестве избирательного растворителя соединений различного класса. В частности, приведены результаты сопоставленного анализа существующих методов экстракционной очистки дистиллятов моторных топлив от ненужных компонентов- ароматических углеводородов, серосодержащих соединений и смолистых веществ с использованием в качестве избирательного растворителя органических растворителей и ионно-жидкостных составов. Показано преимущество экстракционного метода очистки моторных топлив, определяющегося возможностью осуществления процесса при невысокой температуре и давлении, отсутствием необходимости применения дорогостоящих катализаторов, возможностью регенерации и повторного применения растворителя и т.д. по сравнению с достаточно широко применяемым гидрогенизационным методом. Перечислены также недостатки используемых в качестве экстрагента органических растворителей, и с учетом экологической проблемы обосновано применение нелетучих, термически стабильных ионно-жидкостных составов в качестве избирательного растворителя в процессах очистки нефтяных дистиллятов, предназначенных для получения качественных целевых продуктов- дизельного топлива, бензина, базовых масел различного назначения. В статье также приведены результаты систематических исследований, проведенных в Институте Нефтехимических Процессов Национальной Академии Наук Азербайджана с участием самих авторов, касающиеся селективной очистки нефтяных фракций различного состава и вязкости с использованием ионных жидкостей, синтезированных на основе муравьиной и уксусной кислот. Проведенным анализом показана перспективность применения ионно-жидкостных составов в качестве экстрагента в процессах избирательной очистки нефтяных дистиллятов.
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Литература
Electronic resource. Access mode: http://www.1news.az/news/v-azerbaydzhane-uvelichilos-proizvodstvo-dizel-nogo-topliva.
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