СОЗДАНИЕ ТЕКСТИЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ С ТЕРМОРЕГУЛИРУЮЩИМИ СВОЙ-СТВАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МИКРОКАПСУЛИРОВАННЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ С ФАЗОВЫМ ПЕРЕХОДОМ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются современные методы модификации текстильных материалов для придания им терморегулирующих свойств. В качестве инновационного и экономически обоснованного подхода рассмотрено микрокапсулирование с использованием веществ с фазовым переходом (ВФП). Эти вещества обладают уникальной способностью аккумулировать, хранить и высвобождать тепловую энергию в зависимости от изменений внешней среды, что делает их подходящим материалом для создания "умного" текстиля с адаптивными свойствами. Проведена оценка различных методов получения микрокапсул, включая физико-химические и химические способы. Среди них выделены наиболее эффективные и технологически приемлемые для крупномасштабного производства в текстильной промышленности. Особое внимание уделено выбору материалов для оболочек микрокапсул, их механической прочности, термической стабильности и устойчивости к физико-химическим воздействиям. Рассмотрены как традиционные материалы (полимеры, смолы), так и инновационные композиты, обеспечивающие повышенную долговечность и функциональность. В качестве ключевой технологии предложена локальная полимеризация «на месте», которая позволяет формировать прочные и однородные оболочки микрокапсул. Этот метод обеспечивает получение микрокапсул, характеризующихся высокой устойчивостью к физико-механическим нагрузкам, химическим воздействиям, что критически важно для текстильных изделий. Приведенные результаты исследований подтверждают, что микрокапсулирование ВФП с использованием локальной полимеризации значительно повышает долговечность и сохраняет функциональные свойства активного вещества даже при интенсивной эксплуатации текстильного материала с нанесенными микрокапсулами. Микрокапсулирование ВФП открывает новые возможности для разработки функциональных, комфортных и экологически устойчивых текстильных материалов, которые могут быть использованы в различных областях, включая одежду для экстремальных условий, например, костюмы для Арктики, медицинский текстиль, спортивную экипировку и интерьерные ткани. Показана необходимость дальнейших исследований для оптимизации технологических процессов и снижения себестоимости производства, что позволит сделать такие материалы более доступными для широкого круга потребителей.
Для цитирования:
Алехина А.Ф., Ерзунов К.А., Малыгина А.А., Одинцова О.И. Создание текстильных материалов с терморегулирующими свойствами на основе использования микрокапсулированных веществ с фазовым переходом. Изв. вузов. Химия и хим. технология. 2025. Т. 68. Вып. 11. С. 6-24. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256811.7241.
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