СИНТЕЗ И СВОЙСТВА АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПОЛИЭФИРОВ С КАРДОВЫМИ ФРАГМЕНТАМИ
Аннотация
Полиэфиры представляют большой интерес для различных отраслей промышленности благодаря комплексу ценных свойств, таких как термостойкость, огнестойкость, высокая прочность и др. Кардовые полимеры занимают особое место среди полимеров с повышенной теплостойкостью, содержащие в основной полимерной цепи по крайней мере один элемент, входящий в состав боковой циклической группировки. Наличие таких фрагментов повышает температуру стеклования и термостойкость, что позволяет эксплуатировать сополимеры при более высоких температурах без изменения физико-механических показателей. Для кристаллических полимеров наличие кардовых фрагментов приводит к лучшей растворимости в органических растворителях. Один из перспективных путей синтеза теплостойких полимерных материалов основан на использовании в качестве сомономеров ароматических соединений, таких как 3,3-бис(4'-гидроксифенил)фталид, 3-хлор-3-(дифенилоксид-4'-ил)фталид, 3-хлор-3-(дифенилсульфид-4'-ил)-фталид, 9,9-бис(4'-гидроксифенил)флуорен, 9,9-бис(4'-гидроксифенил)антрон-10, 2-фенил-3,3-бис (4'гидроксифенил) фталимидин и др. В настоящее время во всем мире обострилась проблема, связанная с выбросом токсичных отходов в окружающую среду, что вызывает необратимые климатические изменения. Для решения такой проблемы было предложено разработать твердые топливные элементы на основе полимерных протонообменных мембран. Так, полимерные мембраны должны удовлетворять целому ряду требований: обеспечивать минимальные омические потери, обладать значительной протонной проводимостью, механической прочностью, термическую устойчивость и иметь ограниченную растворимость в органических растворителях. Полимерные мембраны с кардовыми фрагментами в основной цепи удовлетворяют всем предъявляемым требованиям. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены особенности синтеза и свойства сополимеров на основе полисульфонов, полиэфиркетонов, полиэфиримидов с кардовыми фрагментами.
Для цитирования:
Шахмурзова К.Т., Курданова Ж.И., Жанситов А.А., Байказиев А.Э., Хаширова С.Ю., Пахомов С.И., Лигидов М.Х. Синтез и свойства ароматических полиэфиров с кардовыми фрагментами. Изв. вузов. Химия и хим. технология. 2017. Т. 60. Вып. 6. С. 28-39.
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