PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS OF GROUP IV ELEMENTS: CARBON, SILICON, GERMANIUM AFTER TREATMENT UNDER CYCLIC STRESSES UP TO 6 GPA
Abstract
The processing powders of various materials in a planetary mill is currently widely used for the production of nanostructured materials. This method is somewhat similar to shock-wave loading. Processing in the mill promotes grinding, formation of defects and metastable highpressure phases in various powders. Nanostructured silicon, germanium, and diamond are promising materials for thermoelectronics, membrane manufacturing, and other applications. The presence of defects affects the features of their zone structure. The structure and properties of all three materials depend on the processing conditions. In this work, the structure of germanium and silicon powders after their processing in the Fritsch Planetary Micro Mill PULVERISETTE 7 premium line in a mixture with diamond particles (5-15% by weight) was studied separately using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy using (JEM-2010 device). The processing time was 120 min (processing cycle: 1 min of grinding and 3 min of cooling), the maximum temperature of the sample did not exceed 420K. As a result of processing, twins and packaging defects along the {111} plane were found in the elements of group IV. It was found that in addition to the initial silicon phase Si-I and germanium Ge-I, the samples contained high-pressure phases such as Si-IV, Ge-IV, and twins. The formation of the 9R polytype was also found in silicon and germanium. Thus, it is experimentally shown that for diamond, silicon and germanium at temperatures below 420K and cyclic stresses less than 6 GPA, plastic deformation by mechanical twinning is observed.
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