KINETICS QUASIINVARIANTS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN OPEN SYSTEMS
Abstract
The methods of nonequilibrium multi-experiments are one of the new approaches to solving inverse problems of chemical kinetics and optimization of chemical reactors. Currently, these methods are developed only for closed isothermal systems. In this paper, a generalization of the dual-experiment method and its extended version of the multi-experiment method for open systems is obtained, which allows to determine the approximate kinetic invariants (quasiinvariants) of chemical reactions in open continuous stirred tank reactor. The multi-experiment method for open systems is based on conducting two or more special nonequilibrium (unsteady) experiments under certain conditions. For nonlinear reactions of arbitrary complexity (multi-step, multi-equilibria), simple relations are obtained that allow to calculate the conditions for nonequilibrium experiments necessary for the identification of the reaction mechanism under study. The method allows to use any permissible values, except equilibrium ones, as initial values of reagent concentrations. The technique of carrying out multi-experiments and performing the necessary numerical calculations based on the multiple integration of systems of ordinary differential equations under different initial conditions is developed. The examples of using the developed method for one-stage linear and two-stage nonlinear reactions with two and three reagents are given. Found with the help of this method, the kinetic curves of the nonequilibrium quasiinvariants compared with the nonequilibrium curves of change of concentrations during the whole reaction. It is shown that quasiinvariant curves change within narrower limits than concentrations in different experiments, i.e. remain practically constant in time. The obtained results are also applicable for open nonisothermal systems.
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