ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫЕ ПРИРОДНЫЕ СЫРЬЕВЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ, СТРОЕНИЕ, СВОЙСТВА, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ
Аннотация
В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления сравнительно нового направления «зеленой химии» в области химической переработки возобновляемого природного растительного сырья. Для ряда процессов показаны пути, методы и некоторые технологические аспекты получения новых соединений и реагентных систем, биоразлагаемых композиций и продуктов «зеленой химии», востребованных в различных секторах экономики, промышленности и жизнеобеспечении общества. Приведены результаты анализа российских и мировых запасов лесных ресурсов по авторитетным современным источникам и предложения по их сохранению и восстановлению. Описаны проблемы биорефайлинга растительного сырья, одним из которых является валоризация лигнина – ароматического компонента химического состава древесины. Предложено получение биоразлагаемых систем и композиций на основе побочного продукта переработки древесины лигносульфоната нейтрального способа получения, характеризующегося высоким содержанием полисахаридов в составе гемицеллюлоз углеводной части древесины после выделения целлюлозы. Показаны пути применения модифицированных продуктов целлюлозы, как ингибиторов солеотложения и газогидратообразования, области их применния в нефтепромысловой химии. Лигнин и другие составляющие растительных ресурсов уже давно являются основой различных классов волокон природного происхождения, в том числе растительного и животного, искусственных волокон. В секторе создания материалов с новыми свойствами, обладающими широким спектром практического применения, в обзоре описано получение полилактида ПЛА, синтезированного из молочной кислоты. Этот полимер можно рассматривать как современную альтернативу многим синтетическим полимерам, получаемым из продуктов нефтепереработки. Для продуктов взаимодействия лактата аммония и н-бутилового спирта описана кинетическая модель для получения бутиллактата - промежуточного продукта зеленой химии. Приведены результаты исследования специфического класса соединений – ионных жидкостей – традиционно рассматриваемых в качестве так называемых «зеленых растворителей». Предложен подход к созданию математической модели методом расчета адсорбционных характеристик для оценки эффективности систем и композици на основе биоразлагаемых полимеров направления «зеленой химии».
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