ВОЗМОЖЕН ЛИ СИНТЕЗ ПОЛНОСТЬЮ ЛИНЕЙНОГО НЕРАЗВЕТВЛЕННОГО поли-п-ДИЭТИНИЛБЕНЗОЛА?
Аннотация
В обзоре сообщается о комплексе специфических свойств, присущих полимерам на основе замещенных ацетиленов. Особый интерес представляют полимеры, синтезированные из п-диэтинилбензола. Вследствие наличия в мономере двух реакционноспособных групп –С≡С–H полимеры п-диэтинилбензола, в принципе, могут быть растворимыми или не растворимыми, имея при этом одну из трех типов структуры: линейную, разветвленную или сшитую. Высказано предположение, что на основе линейного поли-п-диэтинилбензола могут быть получены полимерные кластеры, имеющие гетероатомы вдоль основной полимерной цепи. Такие кластеры могут быть получены путем проведения полимераналогичных превращений исходного линейного поли-п-диэтинилбензола за счет наличия групп –Ph–С≡С–H в каждом звене. Рассмотрены твердофазный, газофазный и жидкофазный способы полимеризации мономера в различных условиях. Показано, что твердофазная полимеризация приводит к олигомерным, разветвленным растворимым и нерастворимым продуктам. Газофазная и жидкофазная в расплаве – к нерастворимым продуктам. Жидкофазная полимеризация в присутствии различных катализаторов приводит к разветвленным растворимым и нерастворимым полимерам. С учетом результатов проведенных физико-химических исследований для каждой публикации проведена оценка возможного типа реализованной внутримолекулярной структуры полимера, приведены свойства синтезированных полимеров. Показано, что впервые линейный полимер был синтезирован в России в присутствии анионного инициатора н-бутиллития в среде гексаметилфосфортриамида. Показаны результаты исследования внутримолекулярной структуры гомо- и сополимера п-диэтинилбензола с дифенилдиацетиленом. Проведены реакции полимераналогичных превращений с «анионным» поли-п-диэтинилбензолом. Рассмотрены публикации, в которых предложены возможные области применения линейного поли-п-диэтинилбензола в частности: термостойкого материала; тонкопленочного материала для сухой литографии; добавок к промышленным смолам и олигоэфиракрилатам, повышающих коксовый остаток и стойкость при высоких эксплуатационных температурах; модификаторов углеродных волокнистых материалов. Приведены результаты анализа возможных цис-транс изомеров с учётом присоединения звеньев по типу голова-хвост или голова-голова.
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