METHODOLOGY OF «GREEN» CHEMISTRY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 2-AMINOPYRANES (PYRIDINE) -3-CARBONITRILE
Abstract
Numerous studies in the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds today are devoted to solving environmental and economic problems (environmental pollution, irrational use of natural resources, etc.). This mini-review summarizes and analyzes the literature data of the last 10 years (2011-2021) on the «green» synthesis of structurally similar 2-aminopyrans (pyridine) -3-carbonitriles (polysubstituted, annelated with different types of articulation of rings, spirocyclic) containing in the heteroring, substituent groups (functional analogs), identical in nature (CN, NH2) and position (at C2 - C3), are similar in production methods, formation routes. The main «green» approach to the synthesis of 2-aminopyran (pyridine)-3-carbonitriles is multicomponent condensation during thermal, ultrasonic, microwave activation, and electrolysis. Reagents in the synthesis of 2-aminopyran-3-carbonitriles are malononitrile, (di) carbonyl compounds (aromatic, alicyclic, aliphatic), phenols, hydroxynaphthols, in the case of 2-aminopyridine-3-carbonitriles - malonodinitrile, carbonyl compounds, aminating agents (ammonium acetate, aromatic and heterocyclic amines). Numerous studies devoted to the search for catalysts that can replace toxic catalysts (aliphatic, heterocyclic amines), which are used repeatedly with the same effectiveness. Promising catalysts that meet these requirements have been found - nano-, nanomagnetic, organic, solid heterogeneous catalysts (based on silicon oxide, titanium oxide, graphene). Much attention is paid to the selection of environmentally friendly solvents, available, cheap (water, ethanol), the use of ionic liquids. Electrochemical synthesis is recognized as «green» because toxic catalysts are replaced by electric current. A series of electrosynthesis reactions of annelated, spiro-fused, polyheteroatomicheterosystems obtained in the nanoscale range is presented. A large number of publications over the past decade have shown that the methodology of «green» chemistry provides a low-step, efficient, low-waste pathway for the synthesis of substituted 2-aminopyran (pyridine) -3-carbonitriles, which corresponds to the PASE (Pot-Atom-Step-Econiomic) principle. It should be noted that this path is not devoid of disadvantages, such as the use of expensive catalysts and complex hardware design. From a huge number of publications over the last decade on the synthesis of 2-aminopyran (pyridine) -3-carbonitriles, only those concerning the use of the methodology of «green» chemistry, the most significant and informative (21 publications) were selected.
For citation:
Krivenko A.P., Vasilkova N.O., Nikulin A.V., Sorokin V.V. Methodology of «green» chemistry in the synthesis of substituted 2-aminopyranes (pyridine) -3-carbonitrile. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2022. V. 65. N 9. P. 13-19. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20226509.6526.
References
Samir M.A., Mosaad S.М., Marwa A.К., Rania H.А.-Н. Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Certain Benzo[h]chromene Derivatives. Anti-Cancer Agent. Medic. Chem. 2021. V. 21. N 8. Р. 963-986. DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200925103742.
Kuznetsov D.N., Kobrakov K.I., Bobylev S.S. Spectralluminescent properties of some new dihydroxy-2h-1-benzopyran-2-ones synthesized based on 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2020. V. 63. N 9. P. 37-42. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20206309.6226.
Pyrko A.N. Synthesis of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-b]chromene-5(4H)-ones. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2018. V. 61. N 12. P. 43-48. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20186112.5784.
Afifi T.H., Okasha R.M., Ahmed H.E.A., Ilaš J., Saleh T., Abd-El-Aziz A.S. Structure-activity relationships and molecular docking studies of chromene and chromene based azo chromophores: A novel series of potent antimi-crobial and anticancer agents. EXCLIJ. 2017. V. 16. P. 868-902. DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-356.
Litvinov Y.M., Shestopalov A.M. Synthesis, structure, chemical reactivity, and practical significance of 2-amino-4H-pyrans. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 2011. V. 103. P. 175-260. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386011-8.00003-4.
Rafinejad A., Fallah-Tafti A., Tiwari R., Shirazi A., Mandal D., Shafiee A., Akbarzadeh T. 4-Aryl-4H-naphthopyrans derivatives: one-pot synthesis, evaluation of Src Kinase inhibitory and anti-proliferative activities. DARU J. Pharm. Sci. 2012. V. 20. P. 100-107. DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-100.
Mobinikhaledi A., Moghanian H., Sasani F. Synthesis and reactivity in inorganic, metal-organic, and nano-metal chemistry. Synth. React. Inorg. Metоrg.Chem. 2011. V. 41. N 3. P. 262-265. DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2011.555857.
Maleki B., Baghayeri M., Abadi S.A.J., Tayebee R., Khojastehnezhad A. Ultrasound promoted facile one pot synthesis of highly substituted pyran derivatives catalysed by silica-coated magnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles-supported H14[NaP5W30O110] under mild conditions. RSC Adv. 2016. V. 6. P. 96644-96661. DOI: 10.1039/C6RA20895A.
Maleki B., Ashrafi S.S. Nano α-Al2O3 supported ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4/Al2O3): preparation, characterization and its application as a novel and hetero-geneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of tetrahydro-benzo[b]pyran and pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. RSC Adv. 2014. V. 4. P. 42873-42891. DOI: 10.1039/C4RA07813F.
Moghaddas M., Davoodnia A. Atomeconomy click synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans using carbon-based solid acid as a novel, highly efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2015. V. 41. P. 4373-4386. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1536-6.
Ameli S., Davoodnia A., Pordel М. Rapid one-pot aspartic acid-promoted synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans in water. Org. Preparat. Proced. Int. 2016. V. 48. P. 328-336. DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2016.1194127.
Shaterian H.R., Oveisi A.R. A simple green approach to the synthesis of 2-amino-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives catalyzed by3-hydroxypropanaminium acetate (HPAA) as a new ionic liquid. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 2011. V. 8. P. 545-552. DOI: 10.1007/BF03249089.
Kefayati H., Valizadeh M., Islamnezhad A. Green Electrosynthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]Pyrimidinones at Room Temperature. Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 2014. V. 6. N 1. P. 80-90.
Makarem S., Fakhari A.R., Mohammadi A.A. Electroorganic synthesis of nanosized particles of 2-amino-pyranes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012. V. 51. P. 2200-2204. DOI: 10.1021/ie200997b.
Makarem S. Three-component electrosynthesis of spirooxindole-pyran derivatives through a simple and efficient method. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2020. V. 57. P. 1599-1604. DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3885.
Heravi M. M., Beheshtiha S. Y. S, Dehghani M., Hosseintash N. Using magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 as a reusable catalyst for the synthesis of pyran and pyridine derivatives via one-pot multicomponent reaction. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 2015. V. 12. P. 2075-2081. DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0684-y.
Khalafi-Nezhad A., Sarikhani S.А., Shahidzadeh E.S., Panahi F. L-proline-promoted three-component reaction of anilines, aldehydes and barbituric acids/malononitrile: Regioselective synthesis of 5-arylpyrimido[4,5-b]quinolone-diones and 2-amino-4-arylquinoline-3-carbonitriles in water. Green Chem. 2012. V. 14. N 10. P. 2876-2884. DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35765H.
Mogle P. P., Kamble R. D., Hese S.V., Dawane B.S. Bleaching earth clay (pH 12.5)/PEG-400: an efficient re-cyclable catalytic system for synthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives. Res Che-mIntermed. 2015. V. 41. P. 7541-7551. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1842-z.
Tamaddon F., Ghazi S., Mohammad Reza Noorbala M.R. Urease-catalyzed synthesis of aminocyanopyridines from urea under fully green conditions. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2016. V. 127. P. 89-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.02.015.
Abdollahi-Alibeik M., Sadeghi-Vasafi N., Moaddeli A., Rezaeipoor-Anari A. ClO4-/Al-MCM-41 nanoparticles as a solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines. Res. Chem. Intermed. 2016. V. 42. P. 2867-2881. DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2183-2.
Khalili D. Graphene oxide: a reusable and metal-free carbocatalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines in water. Tetrahed. Lett. 2016. V. 57. P. 1721-1723. DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.020.