OBTAINING AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BASED ON EXPANDED VERMICULITES OF VARIOUS COMPOSITIONS

  • Alexander V. Kalashnik Lomonosov Moscow State University
  • Sergey G. Ionov Lomonosov Moscow State University
Keywords: natural vermiculite, expanded vermiculite, tensile strength, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray phase analysis

Abstract

Optimal conditions for chemical and thermal treatments of natural vermiculites from various deposits were determined. The aim of obtaining expanded vermiculites with a minimum bulk density was pursued. Optimum temperature for producing thermal expanded vermiculites was 700 °C. According to scanning electron microscopy chemical expanded vermiculite has more developed surface in comparison with thermal expanded vermiculite. Chemical composition of natural vermiculites of various deposits and expanded vermiculites based on them was defined by X-ray fluorescence. It was shown that the vermiculite of the Tatar deposit contains a large amount of iron distributed over the surface. As a result, the vermiculite from Tatarstan can not be modified by hydrogen peroxide because of the active decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide on the surface of vermiculite. It was established that the chemical compositions of natural vermiculites as well as expanded vermiculites based on them do not differ. According to Mössbauer spectroscopy the ratio Fe(II)/Fe(III) in natural vermiculate was 1:4 and in thermal expanded vermiculite was 1:8. It should be noted that chemical expanded vermiculate contains only Fe(III). According to X-ray phase analysis the phase composition of natural vermiculite changes at 350 °C. It was defined that natural vermiculite and thermal expanded vermiculite after adsorption of moisture from the air have the same position of the X-ray maximum. When natural vermiculite was heated two areas of water loss were observed by the thermogravimetric analysis. The anisotropy of tensile strength for samples of the same density taken along and across the rolling axis of vermiculite foil obtained by pressing expanded vermiculite without a binder was described. The thermal conductivity coefficient of vermiculite foil was determined. This makes it possible to use the material as heat shield and fire protector.

Forcitation:

Kalashnik A.V., Ionov S.G. Obtaining and physico-chemical properties of materials based on expanded vermiculites of various compositions. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 76-82

References

Sutcu M. Influence of expanded vermiculite on physical properties and thermal conductivity of clay bricks. Ceramics Internat. 2015. V. 41. P. 2819–2827. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.102.

Macheca A.D., Focke W.W., Muiambo H.F., Kaci M. Stiffening mechanisms in vermiculite–amorphous polyamide bio-nanocomposites. Eur. Polymer J. 2016. V. 74. P. 51–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.013.

Rashad A.M. Vermiculite as a construction material – A short guide for Civil Engineer. Construct. Building Materials. 2016. V. 125. P. 53–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.019.

Dantas E., Joacy H., Gurgel M. Binary adsorption of zinc and copper on expanded vermiculite using a fixed bed column. Appl. Clay Sci. 2017. V. 146. P. 503–509. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.004.

Marcos C., Menendez R., Rodríguez I. Thermoexfoliated and hydrophobized vermiculites for oleic acid removal. Appl. Clay Sci. 2017. V. 150. P. 147–152. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2017.09.026.

da Silva D.C., Skeff Neto K., Coaquira J.A.H., Araujo P.P., Cintra D.O.S., Lima E.C.D., Guilherme L.R., Mosiniewicz-Szablewska E., Morais P.C. Magnetic characterization of vermiculite-based magnetic nanocomposites. J. Non-Crystalline Solids. 2010. V. 356. P. 2574–2577.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.03.035.

Malandrino M., Abollino O., Giacomino A., Aceto M., Mentasti E. Adsorption of heavy metals on vermiculite: Influence of pH and organic ligands. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006. V. 299. P. 537–546. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.03.011.

Karaipekli A., Sarı A. Capric–myristic acid/vermiculite composite as form-stable phase change material for thermal energy stor-age. Solar Energy. 2009. V. 83. P. 323–332. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2008.08.012.

Guan W., Li J., Qian T., Wang X., Deng Y. Preparation of paraffin/expanded vermiculite with enhanced thermal conductivity by implanting network carbon in vermiculite layers. Chem. Eng. J. 2015. V. 277. P. 56–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.04.077.

Geim A.K., Grigorieva I.V. Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature. 2013. V. 499. P. 419-425. DOI: 10.1038/nature12385.

Savchenko D.V., Serdan A.A., Morozov V.A., Van Tendeloo G., Ionov S.G. Improvement of the oxidation stability and the mechanical properties of flexible graphite foil by boron oxide impregnation. New Carbon Materials. 2012. V. 27. N 1. P. 12-18. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(12)60001-8.

Huo X., Wu L., Liao L., Xia Z., Wang L. The effect of interlayer cations on the expansion of vermiculite. Powder Technology. 2012. V. 224. P. 241–246. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.059.

Mouzdahir Y., Elmchaouri A., Mahboub R., Gil A., Korili S.A. Synthesis of nano-layered vermiculite of low density by ther-mal treatment. Powder Technology. 2009. V. 189. P. 2–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.06.013.

Mamina A.Kh., Kotelnikova E.H., Punin Yu.O. The mechanism of chemical dispersion of mica. Zapiski VMO. 1997. N 4. P. 54-65. (in Russian).

Obut A., Girgin II. Hydrogen peroxide exfoliation of vermiculite and phlogopite. Minerals Engineering. 2002. V. 15. P. 683–687.

Hiller S., Marwa E.M., Rice C.M. On the mechanism of exfoliation of ‘Vermiculite’. Clay Minerals. 2013. V. 48. P. 563–582. DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2013.048.4.01.

Marcos C., Arango Y.C., Rodriguez I. X-ray diffraction studies of the thermal behaviour of commercial vermiculites. Appl. Clay Sci. 2009. V. 42. P. 368–378. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.004.

Kalashnik A.V., Serdan A.A., Koshina N.A., Ionov S.G. Preparation and physicochemical properties of composite materials based on nanolayered inorganic matrices. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2013. V. 56. N 7. P. 12-16 (in Russian).

Balima F., Pischedda V., Le Floch S., Brulet A., Lindner P., Duclaux L. An in situ small angle neutron scattering study of expanded graphite under uniaxial stress. Carbon. 2013. V. 57. P. 460–469. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.019.

Balima F., Le Floch S., San-Miguel A., Lindner P., Brulet A., Duclaux L., Pischedda V. Shear effects on expanded graphite under uniaxial pressure: An in situ small angle neutron scattering study. Carbon. 2014. V. 74. P. 54-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.002.

Published
2018-06-06
How to Cite
Kalashnik, A. V., & Ionov, S. G. (2018). OBTAINING AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BASED ON EXPANDED VERMICULITES OF VARIOUS COMPOSITIONS. ChemChemTech, 61(6), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186106.5692
Section
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (inorganic and organic substances. Theoretical fundamentals)