МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ПРОТИВОКОРРОЗИОННЫЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ В МОРСКОЙ И ПОДВОДНОЙ ДОБЫЧЕ НЕФТИ И ГАЗА
Аннотация
Освоение углеводородных ресурсов континентального шельфа Российской Федерации и особенно его арктической части и Дальнего Востока, является крупнейшим инфраструктурным проектом, основанным на уникальных разведанных запасах нефти и газа. Континентальный шельф России является крупным национальным запасом углеводородов, который может обеспечить до 25% российской нефти и до 30% российского газа. Наиболее сложные запасы представляют собой сложные условия разработки – высокое давление и низкие температуры, могут находиться в глубоководных или арктических регионах. Современная добыча нефти осуществляется, зачастую, в экстремальных условиях: при высоких давлениях, в агрессивных морских средах и при низких температурах. Комплексный метод разработки месторождений позволяет длительное время поддерживать высокий уровень добычи углеводородов, снижая затраты за счет оптимизации используемых ресурсов и использования общей инфраструктуры. В перспективе наличие производственных мощностей и сервисных баз вблизи арктического шельфа позволит решать мультидисциплинарные задачи, затрагивающие различные сегменты и направления, такие как инженерно-технологический, природоохранный и другие. В данной статье рассматриваются факторы, влияющие на стойкость нефтегазопроводов к коррозии в морской среде. Приведен обзор методов упрочнения и легирования коррозионностойких сплавов для эксплуатации в морской и подводной среде при расширении границ применения традиционных технических сплавов. Проанализированы направления дальнейшего изучения механизмов коррозии и распространения трещин, которые могут привести к разрушению трубопроводов. Исследование наномасштабной коррозии, проанализированное в этой статье, может оказать глубокое влияние на характеристики деградации материалов, применимых ко всей отрасли.
Для цитирования:
Сизяков М.И. Материалы и противокоррозионные разработки в морской и подводной добыче нефти и газа. Изв. вузов. Химия и хим. технология. 2023. Т. 66. Вып. 4. С. 6-16. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20236604.6739.
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