BIODEGRADATION IN SOIL OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND STARCH CRYOGELS
Abstract
The manufacturing of new biodegradable polymeric materials based on synthetic polyvinyl alcohol and vegetable starches is proposed. Rubber-like viscoelastic cryogels were prepared after a cycle of freezing-thawing of three-component solutions containing polyvinyl alcohol, starch and water. Particular interest in the use of cryogels is due to their elastic properties, environmental safety, and a simple way to prepare them. When studying the elastic properties of cryogels, an increase in the elasticity modulus of three-component cryogels against two-component cryogels was observed. The introduction of a filler (soil) into the matrix of the formed cryogel resulted in an additional increase in the elastic modulus from 5 kPa to 280 kPa. It has been found out that when three-component cryogels are stored in water, their mass decreases due to the washing out of starch biodegradation products from the multicomponent cryogel. Partial decomposition of the resulted polymeric materials by the natural soil microflora was as follows: for 14 days, the dry residual weight of the polymer in the soil was 19,6-59% of the initial one for cryogels with corn starch. For cryogels with potato starch, it decreased with increasing starch content to 12.5-57% of the initial weight. The role of soil microflora in the destruction of cryogels is confirmed by an increase in the count of first amylolytic and then ammonifying groups of microorganisms, which is accompanied by a change in a soil pH. After contact with the soil, the following changes in materials were visually observed: thinning of the layer, appearance of pores, and a decrease in mechanical strength. The appearance of cryogel degradation products in the soil reduced the germination of white mustard seeds by 2-12% as compared with the control. Cryostructuring of the soil (fixation of the upper soil layer) with two-component (PVA/water or potato starch/water) and three-component (PVA/starch/water) cryogels increased phytoproductivity: the dry weight of top of the same mustard was higher by 3.2-9.4% as compared with the control.
For citation:
Ovsyannikova V.S., Fufaeva M.S., Kim E., Altunina L.K. Biodegradation in soil of polymeric materials based on polyvinyl alcohol and starch cryogels. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2023. V. 66. N 11. P. 126-134. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20236611.6t.
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