ХИТОЗАН И ЕГО МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЕ ФОРМЫ: ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ, СВОЙСТВА, ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ. ОБЗОР
Аннотация
В настоящее время серьезный интерес исследователей вызывают макромолекулярные материалы, производимые из возобновляемого сырья. Одними из наиболее распространенных источников природного возобновляемого сырья являются полисахариды, к классу которых относятся целлюлоза и хитозан, получаемый из хитина. Использование хитозана, природного полимера, в последнее время возросло из-за его противомикробных и противогрибковых свойств, нулевой токсичности, биосовместимости и способности образовывать биопленки и гидрогели. Области применения хитозана включают биомедицину, фармацевтику, технологии очистки воды, а также производство биоматериалов, средств по уходу за волосами и кожей. Однако применение хитозана ограничено из-за сложности модификации его структуры и плохой растворимости в воде. Функционализацию структуры хитозана с помощью химических модификаций проводят по направлениям: - N-замещение, O-замещение (с защитой реакционных центров хитозана или без нее) и сшивание с другими соединениями. Данные химические модификации позволяют улучшить физико-химические свойства хитозана. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены структура, способы получения, физико-химические свойства, пути химической модификации и области применения хитозана. Дан анализ индивидуальных свойств хитозана, позволяющих создавать инновационные материалы с особыми характеристиками, раскрывающими адаптивность и биоценность хитозана. Отдельное внимание уделено способам модификации хитозана различными методами и функциональными компонентами, которые позволяют варьировать его качественные, количественные и биологические характеристики. Обсуждены подходы к получению и свойства гуанидинсодержащих композиционных материалов на основе хитозана, а также возможные области их применения.
Для цитирования:
Агоева Э.А., Хаширова С.Ю. Хитозан и его модифицированные формы: получение, свойства, применение. Обзор. Изв. вузов. Химия и хим. технология. 2025. Т. 68. Вып. 3. С. 6-19. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256803.7083.
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