АНТИПИРИРУЮЩИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ГИДРОКСИДА АЛЮМИНИЯ В ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ: ОБЗОР
Аннотация
Разработка полимерных материалов нового поколения с высокими эксплуатационными характеристиками и огнестойкостью, поиск путей снижения горючести многотоннажных промышленных полимерных материалов являются одной из актуальных задач, а исследования, проводимые в этом направлении, открывают большие возможности для расширения областей применения полимерных материалов. В представленной обзорной статье предлагается подход к использованию экологически безопасного антипиреного наполнителя – гидроксида алюминия для повышения огнестойкости полимеров на фоне экологических проблем, связанных с негативным воздействием на окружающую среду промышленных антипиренов, особенно антипиренов, содержащих галогены и тяжелые металлы, а также рассматриваются его преимущества и механизм действия. В обзоре освещена роль гидроксида алюминия в получении различных огнестойких полимерных систем. Представлены термопласты и термореактивные материалы, системы с использованием только гидроксида алюминия или комбинации гидроксида алюминия с дополнительными добавками, а также показан уровень огнестойкости, достигаемый при использовании таких материалов. Композиты на основе гидроксида алюминия подразделяются на категории с точки зрения полимерной матрицы: полиэтилен, полипропилен, сополимер этилен-винилацетата, полиуретан, эпоксидная смола, термопластичные эластомеры и полиэфиры. Достаточно полно обобщены последние достижения в исследовании различных огнестойких полимерных композитов на основе гидроксида алюминия. Собранные данные и выводы, представленные в этом обзоре, должны помочь исследователям, работающим в этой области, выбрать лучшие добавки среди возможных для повышения эффективности гидроксида алюминия и расширения его применения.
Для цитирования:
Мустафаева Ф.А., Кахраманов Н.Т. Антипирирующий эффект гидроксида алюминия в полимерных материалах: обзор. Изв. вузов. Химия и хим. технология. 2025. Т. 68. Вып. 5. С. 72-100. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256805.7147.
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