ПОЛИМЕРНЫЕ БИОКОМПОЗИТЫ НА ОСНОВЕ АГРООТХОДОВ: ЧАСТЬ I. ИСТОЧНИК, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ, ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ И МЕТОДЫ ОБРАБОТКИ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОЛОКОН
ЧАСТЬ I. ИСТОЧНИК, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ, ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ И МЕТОДЫ ОБРАБОТКИ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОЛОКОН
Аннотация
В настоящее время истощение природных ресурсов и проблемы окружающей среды вызвали огромный интерес в поиске устойчивой альтернативы для создания новых материалов, которые являются экологически чистыми. В последние годы многие исследователи сосредоточились на исследованиях, связанных с сельскохозяйственными отходами, для решения экологических проблем, связанных с удалением агроотходов. Благодаря своей ежегодной возобновляемости и способности к биологическому разложению, агроотходы за последние два десятилетия стали экологически чистой альтернативой синтетическим волокнам. В связи с этим, в данном обзоре дано общее представление о новых лигноцеллюлозных полимерных композиционных материалах, в которых в качестве наполнителей и армирующих добавок используются различные природные волокна. А также приведены источники, классификация и химический состав лигноцеллюлозных натуральных волокон. Натуральные волокна включают функциональную группу, названную гидроксильной группой, которая делает волокна гидрофильными. Гидрофильные натуральные волокна и гидрофобная полимерная матрица приводят к несовместимости и слабой межфазной связи между ними. Для устранения проблемы несовместимости растительных волокон с неполярными полимерными матрицами в статье рассмотрены различные методы обработки поверхности натурального волокна, включая физическую, химическую и биологическую обработку. С этой точки зрения, по нашему мнению, данные, представленные в этой статье, могут быть использованы в качестве базы данных для дальнейшего изучения агроотходов в качестве наполнителей или армирующих добавок в полимерных композитах с целью ускорения развития и стимулирования коммерческого производства этих новых материалов.
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