OBTAINING ARALOSIDES BY SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION FROM ARALIA MANDSHURICA
Abstract
This paper presents experimental studies on the extraction of aralosides from Aralia mandshurica using the supercritical extraction process. A technique for carrying out the supercritical extraction process has been developed and a schematic diagram of the apparatus for the extraction of Aralosides from Aralia Mandshurica is presented. The supercritical extraction process was carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide using co-solvents water and ethanol. The effect of the composition of the system «ethanol - water - carbon dioxide» at a pressure of 12 MPa and a temperature of 323.2 K on the yield of target components was studied. The three-component system «ethanol - water - carbon dioxide» forms as homogeneous such a heterogeneous regions because of the limited miscibility of water and carbon dioxide. The initial stage of the supercritical extraction process was carried out in the homogeneous region of the three-component system. To determine the permissible compositions of this system, the Patel–Teja equation of state with the van der Waals mixing rules was used. To confirm the efficiency of the supercritical extraction process, a comparison of extracts obtained from Aralia mandshurica by the method of supercritical extraction and the method of liquid extraction was carried out. For the qualitative and quantitative determination of aralosides in the obtained extracts, an analytical technique was developed using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. It was found that an increase in the concentration of ethanol in the process of supercritical extraction leads to an increase in the yield of the target components. Comparison of the composition of extracts obtained by the method of supercritical extraction and liquid extraction is carried out. It was found that the content of aralosides A and C in the extracts obtained by the method of supercritical extraction is higher than in the extracts obtained by liquid extraction. Thus, the supercritical extraction process is a promising method for extracting aralosides A and C from Aralia mandshurica.
References
Kafarov V.V. Investigation and optimization of the pro-cess of solid-phase extraction of biologically active substances from plant raw materials. MKHTI im. D.I. Mende-leyeva. 1979. N 106. P. 48-53 (in Russian).
Vygon V.G., Solov'yev A.V. Automated complex for mass transfer and hydrodynamics studies in extractors with nozzles. Sb. tr. XI Rossiyskoy Konf. po Ekstraktsii. 1998. P. 196 (in Russian).
Kaur P., Makanjuola V.O., Arora R., Singh B., Arora S. Immunopotentiating significance of conventionally used plant adap-togens as modulators in biochemical and molecular signalling path-ways in cell mediated processes. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2017. V. 95. P. 1815-1829. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.081.
Melnikova N.B., Solovyova O.N., Kochetkov E.N. Biomimetic approaches to study of properties of medicinal substances. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2019. V. 62. N 10. P. 4-29 (in Russian). DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5917.
Shikov A.N., Pozharitskaya O.N., Makarov V.G. Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) J. Wen: An overview of pharma-cological studies. Phytomedicine. 2016. V. 23. N 12. P. 1409-1421. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.07.011.
State Register of Medicines. Internet resource: (Data: 28.05.2021) - https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/
Mapelli-Brahm P., Meléndez-Martínez A.J. The Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene: Sources, Consumption, Bioavail-ability and Health Effects. Curr. Opinion Food Sci. 2021. V. 41. P. 201-209. DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.04.013.
Barteková M., Adameová A., Görbe A., Ferenczyová K., Pecháňová O., Lazou A., Dhallah N.S., Ferdinandy P., Giricz Z. Natural and synthetic antioxidants targeting cardiac oxidative stress and redox signaling in cardiomet-abolic diseases. Free Radical Biol. Med. 2021. V. 169. P. 446-477. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.045
Shikov A.N., Pozharitskaya O.N., Makarov V.G., Wagner H., Verpoorte R., Heinrich M. Medicinal plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014. V. 154. N 3. P. 481-536. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.007.
Ahangari H., King J. W., Ehsani A., Yousefi M. Super-critical fluid extraction of seed oils–A short review of current trends. Trends Food Sci.Technol. 2021. V. 111. P. 249-260. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.066.
Borisenko S.N., Rudnev M.I., Borisenko R.N., Tikhomirova K.S., Borisenko N.I., Vetrova Ye.V., Maksimenko Ye.V., Zimakov D.V. Mass-spektroskopiya ekstraktov kornya aralii man'chzhurskoy v srede subkriticheskoy vody. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Sev.-Kavkaz. Reg. Estestv. Nauki. 2009. N 4. P. 51-55 (in Russian).
Karol T. Medina, Marı´a Paula Diaz, Nicolas Espitia, Javier A Davila. Transport Phenomena Associated to Supercritical Extraction. Ref. Module Food Sci. 2019. P. 522-551. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.22683-8.
Galkin A.A., Lunin V.V. Subcritical and supercritical water: a universal medium for chemical reactions. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2005. V. 74. N 1. P. 21. DOI: 10.1070/RC2005v074n01ABEH001167.
Mukhopadhyay M. Natural extracts using supercritical carbon dioxide. L.: CRC press. 2000. 319 p.
Fedosov S.V., Bakanov M.O. Application of «micro-processes» method for modeling heat conduction and diffusion processes in canonical bodies. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2020. V. 63. N 10. P. 90-95 (in Russian). DOI:10.6060/ivkkt.20206310.6275
Derevich I.V., Shindyapkin A.A. The Calculation of Equilibrium Concentrations of Organic Substances in Su-percritical Fluids. TeploPhys. Vys. Temp. 2004. V. 42. N 1. P. 38-47 (in Russian). DOI: 10.1023/B:HITE.0000020089.20209.46.
Lim J.S., Lee Y.Y., Chun H.S. Phase equilibria for carbon dioxide-ethanol-water system at elevated pressures. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 1994. V. 7. N. 4. P. 219-230. DOI: 10.1016/0896-8446(94)90009-4.
Menshutina N.V., Kazeev I.V., Artemiev A.I., Bocharova O.A., Khudeev I.I. Application of supercritical extraction for isolation of chemical compounds. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2021. V. 64. N 6. P. 4-19 (in Russian). DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20216406.6405.
Filonova O.V., Lekar' A.V., Borisenko, S.N., Vetrova Ye.V., Maksimenko Ye.V., Borisenko N.I., Minkin V.I. Hydrolysis of aralosides from Manchurian aralia to oleanolic acid and its derivatives in subcritical water. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2016. V. 10. N 7. P. 1085-1091. DOI: 10.1134/S1990793116070071.
Lekar' A.V., Maksimenko Ye.V., Borisenko S.N., Vetrova Ye.V., Khizriyeva S.S., Borisenko N.I., Minkin V.I. «One-Pot» Technique for Transformation of the Aporphine Alkaloid Boldine into Phenanthrene Seco-Boldine with Subcritical Water. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2020. V. 14. N 7. P. 1153-1157. DOI: 10.1134/S199079312007012X.
Kazeyev I.V., Bocharova O.A., Shevchenko V.Ye., Karpova R.V., Bocharov Ye.V., Uyutova Ye.V., Sheychenko O.P., Kucheryanu V.G. Tandem mass spectrometry in the technology of determination of aralosides of phytoadaptogen compositions. Teoret. Osnovy Khim. Tekhnol. 2020. V. 54. N 6. P. 733-737 (in Russian).
